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LEMBAGA KOKO MALAYSIA |
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LEMBAGA KOKO MALAYSIA COCOA INDUSTRY IN
MALAYSIA |
| Planting Area |
| Commercial planting of cocoa in Malaysia started in early 1950's. The growth of cocoa planting industry was accelerated by high prices of cocoa in the 1970's and 1980's to attain a peak at 414,236 hectares in 1989.The cultivated cocoa area in 2002 was estimated at 51,124 hectares, 11.8% lower as compared to the previous year of 57,963 hectares. The reduction of hectares was largely due to the revision made on the smallholders cocoa area in Sabah and peninsular Malaysia. The smallholding sector accounted for 62.3% of the total cultivated cocoa area and the balance the estate sector. Regionally, Sabah remained as the major cocoa-growing centre accounting for 62.6% of the total cultivated cocoa area, followed by peninsular Malaysia 20.1% and Sarawak 17.2%. |
| Production |
| Production of cocoa beans in Malaysia followed the trend of the cocoa planting area. The production of cocoa beans in 2002 was estimated at 47,661 tonnes, 17.41% lower as compared to last year and the lowest in ten years. The unfavorable weather conditions particularly in the first half of the year also contributed to lower production. Overall, the state of Sabah contributed 30,422 tonnes or 63.8% of the national total and this was followed by peninsular Malaysia at 14,806 tonnes or 31.1% and Sarawak at 2,433 tonnes or 5.1%. |
| Grindings |
| The cocoa grindings industry in Malaysia began in 1973. Total grindings in 2002 was estimated at 117,586 tonnes, a reduction of 15.2% as compared to the last year due to the poor cocoa ratios. Due to declining in production, it is expected that local grinders will continue to import cocoa beans from other major producing countries especially from Indonesia and Papua New Guinea. |
| Prices |
| The prices of cocoa beans varied greatly over the years due to shortage of world cocoa stock. It increased rapidly from 1972 to reach an all time record high of RM 13,000 per tonnes in 1977. The average prices of SMC 1B for the second half of 2002 in Tawau and Sabak Bernam were RM 6,606 and RM 5,695 per tonnes, an increase of 71.3% and 77.2%, respectively as compared to the same period of last year. Overall, the average prices in Tawau and Sabak Bernam were RM 5,893 and RM 5,121 per tonnes, which was 62.4% and 56.8% higher than 2001, respectively. |
| Export |
| The export earning for cocoa beans and cocoa products for 2002 was RM 903 million. Malaysia exported 21,108 tonnes of cocoa beans valued at RM 110 million, 4,546 tonnes of cocoa paste (not defatted) valued at RM 43 million, 11,655 tonnes of cocoa paste (wholly and partly defatted) valued at RM76 million, 36,066 tonnes of cocoa butter valued at RM356 million, 33,342 tonnes of cocoa powder valued at RM207 million and 11,049 tonnes of chocolate valued at RM110 million. In 2002, Malaysian cocoa beans were exported to nine destinations and Singapore remained as the main destination of export, accounting for 55.9% of the total quantity exported. Meanwhile, cocoa paste (not defatted) was exported to 19 destinations. Australia remained as the major importer of Malaysian cocoa paste not defatted in 2002. Cocoa paste (wholly or partly defatted) was exported to nine destinations. The largest importer in 2002 was USA accounting for 43.09% of the total. Malaysia cocoa powder (not sweetened) was the most demanded product that it was exported to 71 countries. The major importer of cocoa powder (not sweetened) was Australia accounting for 12.96% of the total. Nigeria, Ethiopia and Gambia were the new export destinations for Malaysian unsweetened cocoa powder in 2002. Sweetened cocoa powder was exported to 29 destinations in 2002. Indonesia remained as the major importer of Malaysia sweetened cocoa powder accounting for 51.96% of the total. Russian Federation, Australia, Solomon Island and Nigeria were the new export destinations for Malaysian sweetened cocoa powder in 2002. As for cocoa butter, its export destinations increased to 37 countries in 2002 as compared to 27 countries in 2001. USA with total imports of 9.47 tonnes was the leading importer of Malaysian cocoa butter accounting for 26.26% of the total export in 2002. Turkey was the new destination for the export of Malaysian cocoa butter. Malaysian chocolate was exported to 64 countries and the new export destinations were Nigeria, Venezuela, Poland, Denmark, Ghana and Latvia in 2002. |
| Import |
| The total import value of cocoa beans and cocoa products in 2002 was RM 660 million. Malaysia imported 99,192 tonnes of cocoa beans valued at RM 545 million, 52 tonnes of cocoa butter valued at RM 0.469 million, 2610 tonnes of cocoa powder valued at RM 14 million and 309 tonnes cocoa paste not defatted valued at RM 2 million. Malaysia also imported 9,087 tonnes of chocolate valued at RM97 million in 2002. Indonesia was the leading source of imports of cocoa beans followed by Ghana and Solomon Island. Malaysia imported cocoa butter from Indonesia, Singapore and Netherlands. As for cocoa paste not defatted, Malaysia imported this product from Singapore and USA. Indonesia was the main source of import for unsweetened cocoa powder, followed by Singapore and China. Singapore was the leading source of imports of chocolate, followed by New Zealand and USA. |
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